A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales ), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice ), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria ). A food chain also shows how the organisms are related to each other by the food they eat. Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level . A food chain differs from a food web because the complex network of different animals ' feeding relations are aggregated and the chain only follows a direct, linear pathway of one animal at a time . Natural interconnections between food chains make it a food web. A common metric used to quantify food web troph...
In an ocean ecosystem, many types of fish and turtles are herbivores that eat algae and seagrass . In kelp forests, seaweeds known as giant kelp provide shelter and food for an entire ecosystem. Sea urchins are powerful primary consumers in kelp forests. These small herbivores eat dozens of kilograms (pounds) of giant kelp every day. Secondary consumers eat herbivores. They are at the third trophic level. In a desert ecosystem, a secondary consumer may be a snake that eats a mouse. In the kelp forest , sea otters are secondary consumers that hunt sea urchins. Tertiary consumers eat the secondary consumers. They are at the fourth trophic level. In the desert ecosystem, an owl or eagle may prey on a snake. There may be more levels of consumers before a chain finally reaches its top predator . Top predators, also called apex predators, eat other consumers. They may be at the fourth or fifth trophic level. They have no na...
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